A genetic structure of any population of any kind of living organisms can be outlined by gene and genotype frequencies. A set of characteristics (genetic markers) available for studying in our project can be divided into following groups: 1) morphological; 2) blood groups; 3) DNA; and 4) isoenzymes. Isoenzymes are in the row of the most convenient and studied genetic characteristics used for investigation of interaction of allelic and not allelic genes. For instance electrophoresis of isoenzymes is widely used for determination of a variability levels of numerous genes. For present investigation amongst a variety of tissues and fluids suitable for electrophoretic analysis of isoenzymes the most convenient one is blood. A procedure of blood sampling, when done by skilled person, doesn't affect vital capacity of any kind of animal. A blood carries erythrocytes reach in haemoglobin and different enzymes as well as plasma easy for analysis of variability of proalbumins, albumins, transferins and a set of enzymes: esterases, acidic and alcaline phosphatases, lactat dehydrogenase and others. There are several quite old works published since 1966 till 1974 describing electrophoretic patterns of penguin proteins (myoglobine, plasma proteins, lactat dehydrogenase). However we did not find any information about their variability. Thus the elucidation of variability levels of proteins and enzymes within one population and differences in variability between populations still stays an important direction of research. When studying structure of a population by protein electrophoresis it is important to provide for a possibility to register age and sex variability in electrophoretic patterns of proteins and enzymes. Special emphasis should be given to sample transportation to avoid a loss of native structure of proteins.
An authors express one's thanks to the INTAS for support of this research (INTAS project 01-0517).
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